1 - PREPARING THE BREEDING OYSTERS

The first way: inhibition of the gonads, which is usually conducted in the early breeding season. This time the temperature began to rise after cold winter, but in the floor of deep-water temperature is still low. Culturing the oysters in the deep-water with low temperature will inhibit the growth of the gonads.

The second way: irritation of the rapid growth of gonads, which is usually applied in the full breeding season. Irritating the development of gonads by culturing the oysters at the surface of high temperature (28⁰c - 32⁰c). After a short period of time, oysters will become mature and productive. After the producing, we can carry out the implant. However, after producing oysters are often weak, the effectiveness of the implant will not be high.

2 - CHOOSING THE BREEDING OYSTERS

Choose the right sized oysters and keep them in the tank, to set the upper abdomen and to maintain the water temperature of about 28-30⁰C. After about 1 hour, the oyster will open its shells, use the opening clamp (about 1 - 1,5cm) to check the gonads. If satisfactory, insert the mouth of the shell and return them to the laboratory to carry out the implant.

The oysters include two types, technical oysters and material ones. The technical oysters are used to breed and the material oysters are used to get the raw mantle. The ratio of these two types is 2:1-5:1. The material oysters are about 1-2 years old, the older the oysters are better but should not exceed 5-6 years old. The choice of material ones has a huge influence on the time of creation of pearls and the quality of pearls later.

3 - CUT THE RAW MANTLE

The nacre of the shell due to the entire outer membrane of the cuticle (face contact with the shell) secreted, but the quality depends on the location of the mantle that the process of the nacre quickly or slowly and the quality is different. According to the results of experiments with radioactive Ca45, the mantle edges are absorbed the most Ca45 (the strongest metabolism). So, now in the pearl implant technique, use the cell layer at the edges of the membrane to implantation. However, the edge of the mantle in different positions is for the quality of different nacre. Another experiment also showed the mantle's edge in the abdomen with the fastest resilience and the best quality of pearl.

Using a scalpel to cut off the abductor, pay attention not to touch the mantle if the membrane does not shrink. Turn the shell off to take the belly of the mantle, cleanse the mucus and put on the cell shelf. When placing the mantle on the cell shelf, the contact's back cover will see that there is a golden-brown line about 3-4mm from the edge. Use the scissors cuts on that line and remove the edge and cut the mantle into pieces of about 2-3mm². When cutting the mantle should pay attention to the following points:

The outer edge of the membrane is the cells secreted the keratin that do not secreted the nacre so it is necessary to remove this part. When cutting the mantle, it must proceed to transplant. For the mantle to be well, there is no injury or deformities. The instrument must be clean. Fast and accurate operation.

4-IMPLANTING THE NUCLEUS

Membrane implant: put the oysters on the shelf, the abdomen heads up. Take the hook between the legs pulling to the back for the wide of legs. Cut off a small hole in the middle of the leg, the size of the cut should correspond to the implant nucleus diameter (the hole is slightly smaller than the implant nucleus) and then use the needle through the opening hole to the position of artificial formation into a pipe. There are three implant positions that are visceral, anterior cardiac sinus, and tactile root. After the route, use the needle to put the stapler on the edge of the pre-cut mantle and put it straight to the end of the pipeline. When transplanting attention, the outer surface of the membrane must turn toward the implant nucleus.

Nucleus implant: Often used as mussels’ shell or glass shell that has been sharpened, glossy, the diameter of particles from 2-9mm (depending on the size of the technical oysters). After the membrane implant is completed, the nucleus implant is carried out. Put the implant nucleus into the concave head of the needle and put the nucleus into contact with the newly implanted membrane. The manipulation of the nucleus is as same as planting a membrane.

Each technical oyster can implant 5 nuclei, one in visceral, two at the tactile root, two in front of the cardiac sinus. When transplanting in front of the sinus and tactile root, the implant manipulation in the right and left position is the same. When transplantation of membrane and nucleus in visceral try to avoid damage to the retractor of the legs and rectum, implantation in the anterior position of the sinus, avoid overplanting easy to die.